{"id":199,"date":"2024-07-23T08:37:43","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T11:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geocym.com\/?p=199"},"modified":"2025-04-24T07:41:42","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T10:41:42","slug":"o-que-e-um-websig","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geocym.com\/index.php\/o-que-e-um-websig\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 um WebSIG?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container texto-justificado uagb-block-cf852661 alignfull uagb-is-root-container\"><div class=\"uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong> Entendendo os Sistemas Web<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Antes de entender o que \u00e9 e como funciona um WebSIG, \u00e9 importante compreender o conceito de Web. A <strong>World Wide Web (WWW)<\/strong> \u00e9 um sistema de hipertexto que funciona sobre a Internet. A navega\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre por meio de um navegador (browser).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Web surgiu em dezembro de 1990, desenvolvida para facilitar o compartilhamento de informa\u00e7\u00f5es entre pesquisadores do CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), em Genebra. O projeto, idealizado por <strong>Tim Berners-Lee<\/strong>, recebeu o nome de \u201cWorldWideWeb\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O sistema Web adota o modelo <strong>cliente-servidor<\/strong>, onde o <strong>cliente (frontend)<\/strong> e o <strong>servidor (backend)<\/strong> funcionam de forma independente, podendo utilizar diferentes tecnologias e linguagens. O frontend organiza o conte\u00fado, os estilos e as intera\u00e7\u00f5es com o usu\u00e1rio, enquanto o backend gerencia os conte\u00fados e processa as solicita\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quando o usu\u00e1rio acessa uma <strong>URL (Uniform Resource Locator)<\/strong>, o navegador solicita informa\u00e7\u00f5es ao servidor via <strong>protocolo HTTP<\/strong>, que devolve o conte\u00fado em <strong>HTML<\/strong>. Outros formatos e protocolos tamb\u00e9m podem ser utilizados, embora o HTTP seja o mais comum pela sua comunica\u00e7\u00e3o bidirecional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As requisi\u00e7\u00f5es HTTP possuem m\u00e9todos espec\u00edficos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>GET:<\/strong> Solicita dados.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>POST:<\/strong> Envia dados, alterando o estado do servidor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PUT:<\/strong> Atualiza dados.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DELETE:<\/strong> Remove informa\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e1 diferen\u00e7as entre um <strong>website<\/strong> (que apresenta p\u00e1ginas e formul\u00e1rios para usu\u00e1rios) e um <strong>Web Service<\/strong>, que transfere dados entre sistemas via protocolos como <strong>SOAP (XML)<\/strong> e <strong>REST (JSON)<\/strong>. O REST, mais recente, \u00e9 mais flex\u00edvel e r\u00e1pido, transmitindo dados diretamente via HTTP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No campo geoespacial, h\u00e1 Web Services definidos pelo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ogc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)<\/strong>:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>WMS (Web Map Service):<\/strong> Acessa imagens de mapas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>WFS (Web Feature Service):<\/strong> Troca dados vetoriais.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>WCS (Web Coverage Service):<\/strong> Fornece mapas raster.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Assim, o sistema Web integra frontend, backend e Web Services, com m\u00e9todos HTTP para transportar informa\u00e7\u00f5es, podendo incluir bases de dados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image uagb-block-38fa3391 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-none\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geocym.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sistema.png ,https:\/\/geocym.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sistema.png 780w, https:\/\/geocym.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sistema.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/geocym.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sistema.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"uag-image-201\" width=\"407\" height=\"269\" title=\"sistema\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Fonte: Nunes, s.d.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:30px\"><strong>O que \u00e9 um WebSIG?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Com o avan\u00e7o tecnol\u00f3gico e a demanda por informa\u00e7\u00f5es espaciais acess\u00edveis, surgiram aplica\u00e7\u00f5es <strong>WebSIG (Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Geogr\u00e1fica na Web)<\/strong>, que permitem publicar, consultar, analisar e manipular dados geoespaciais pela Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diferente dos tradicionais <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/geocym.com\/index.php\/sistema-de-informacao-geografica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SIG <\/a><\/strong>de desktop, o WebSIG:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Funciona em <strong>rede cliente-servidor<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c9 um <strong>sistema distribu\u00eddo<\/strong>, acess\u00edvel em qualquer lugar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Usa a <strong>Internet<\/strong> para comunica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Seu funcionamento baseia-se na intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre frontend e backend. O backend executa opera\u00e7\u00f5es geoespaciais, acessa dados e devolve os resultados, enquanto o frontend exibe as informa\u00e7\u00f5es no navegador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O WebSIG combina:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bibliotecas geoespaciais<\/strong> (GDAL\/OGR, Geopandas, GeoDjango).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Servidores de mapas<\/strong> (GeoServer).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bibliotecas JavaScript<\/strong> (Leaflet, OpenLayers) para visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image alignleft uagb-block-c930a36c wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-static wp-block-uagb-image--align-left\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geocym.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/WebSIG-800-x-600-px.png ,https:\/\/geocym.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/WebSIG-800-x-600-px.png 780w, https:\/\/geocym.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/WebSIG-800-x-600-px.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/geocym.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/WebSIG-800-x-600-px.png\" alt=\"Exemplo de WebSIG\" class=\"uag-image-584\" width=\"715\" height=\"363\" title=\"WebSIG \" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"img\"\/><figcaption class=\"uagb-image-caption\">Exemplo de  WebSig: DGT (Dire\u00e7\u00e3o  Geral do Territ\u00f3rio &#8211; Portugal)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>O Que Torna o WebSIG Diferente?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>O WebSIG possui algumas caracter\u00edsticas espec\u00edficas que o diferenciam dos SIGs tradicionais:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sistema Cliente\/Servidor via Internet:<\/strong> permite o acesso remoto, eliminando a necessidade de instala\u00e7\u00f5es locais.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ambiente Distribu\u00eddo:<\/strong> usu\u00e1rios e servidores podem operar em diferentes localiza\u00e7\u00f5es e plataformas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Acessibilidade Ampliada:<\/strong> desde que haja conex\u00e3o com a internet, o sistema funciona em diversos dispositivos, sem restri\u00e7\u00f5es de sistema operacional.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Flexibilidade de Desenvolvimento:<\/strong> o backend processa as solicita\u00e7\u00f5es, acessa dados e executa as fun\u00e7\u00f5es SIG, enquanto o frontend apresenta as informa\u00e7\u00f5es no navegador.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, integra ferramentas como <strong>GDAL\/OGR<\/strong>, <strong>GeoPandas<\/strong>, <strong>GeoDjango<\/strong>, servidores de mapas e bibliotecas JavaScript, possibilitando interatividade, exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de dados e cria\u00e7\u00e3o de mapas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es Pr\u00e1ticas do WebSIG<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A seguir, est\u00e3o destacadas algumas \u00e1reas em que o WebSIG faz diferen\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Planejamento Urbano<\/strong> &#8211; Permite mapear, analisar e organizar informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre infraestrutura, zoneamento, \u00e1reas de risco e projetos de expans\u00e3o urbana. Assim, gestores p\u00fablicos podem tomar decis\u00f5es mais assertivas e planejadas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong> Agricultura<\/strong> &#8211; Auxilia no monitoramento de propriedades agr\u00edcolas, an\u00e1lise de solo, previs\u00e3o de colheitas e controle de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o. Isso possibilita a agricultura de precis\u00e3o, otimizando recursos e aumentando a produtividade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gest\u00e3o Ambiental<\/strong> &#8211; Monitora \u00e1reas protegidas, controle de desmatamento, polui\u00e7\u00e3o e impactos ambientais. WebSIGs ajudam a preservar recursos naturais, planejar a\u00e7\u00f5es de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e acompanhar mudan\u00e7as ambientais.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transporte e Log\u00edstica<\/strong> &#8211; Facilita o planejamento de rotas, an\u00e1lise de tr\u00e1fego, gest\u00e3o de frotas e otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o de entregas. Com informa\u00e7\u00f5es em tempo real, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel reduzir custos e melhorar a efici\u00eancia log\u00edstica.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica<\/strong> &#8211; Permite mapear a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de doen\u00e7as, identificar \u00e1reas de risco e planejar campanhas de vacina\u00e7\u00e3o. Com WebSIGs, gestores de sa\u00fade podem atuar preventivamente e organizar melhor os recursos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-info-box uagb-block-451b379f uagb-infobox__content-wrap  uagb-infobox-icon-above-title uagb-infobox-image-valign-top\"><div class=\"uagb-ifb-content\"><div class=\"uagb-ifb-title-wrap\"><p class=\"uagb-ifb-title\"><strong>Refer\u00eancias<\/strong><\/p><\/div><p class=\"uagb-ifb-desc\">GOURLEY, David; TOTTY, Brian; SAYRE, Marjorie; SLADEK, Anshu; RUSSELL, Sailu. <em>HTTP: The Definitive Guide<\/em>. Sebastopol: O&#8217;Reilly Media, 2002.<br>ISRIC \u2013 World Soil Information. <em>Web Coverage Service (WCS)<\/em>. <br>JOLAIYA, Hakeem. <em>Web Mapping Services (WMS) and Web Feature Services (WFS)<\/em>. <br>LUNA, Livia; SILVA, Joaquim; PEREIRA, Ricardo. <em>Frontend Development: Building Interactive Web Applications<\/em>. Lisboa: IST Press, 2018.<br>MASS\u00c9, Mika\u00ebl. <em>REST API Design Rulebook<\/em>. Sebastopol: O&#8217;Reilly Media, 2012.<br>MOZILLA. <em>HTTP Request Methods<\/em>. <br>NUNES, Fernando. <em>Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Web<\/em>. <br>OPENSOFT. <em>Introduction to Web Services<\/em>. <br>Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). <em>OGC Web Map Service (WMS) Interface Standard<\/em>. <br>Federal Geography Data Committee (FGDC). <em>Web Services and Geospatial Information<\/em>. <br>FU, Pinde. <em>Getting to Know Web GIS<\/em>. Redlands: Esri Press, 2018.<br>LI, Lin. <em>WebGIS: Principles and Applications<\/em>. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020.<br>NUNES, Fernando. <em>Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Web<\/em>. <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um WebSIG \u00e9 um conjunto de protocolos, ferramentas, servi\u00e7os Web e linguagens de programa\u00e7\u00e3o, desde o backend at\u00e9 o frontend<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":540,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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